Jurisdictions

In what jurisdiction will
you be using this?

Type the country, state or province of the court. We tell you the rule that decides whether electronic evidence is accepted there, and what Celia does to meet it.

Popular

How courts accept electronic evidence

01Certificate
The person responsible for the system certifies how the record was made.
02Authentication
You show the record is what it claims to be and that the system kept it intact.
03Presumption
The system is presumed to have worked unless someone challenges it.
04Equal treatment
A record can’t be refused only because it is electronic.

These are research notes, not legal advice. Rules named by section come from public sources; the rest are national electronic transactions laws based on the UN Model Law on Electronic Commerce (UNCITRAL). We confirm each with counsel before we say it is met.

Lost money to a
crypto scheme?

Add your case. If you work in law, investigation or research, get professional access to the case bank.